1. Clay-based castables have an operating temperature range of 1300–1450°C and are generally used for linings in steel rolling reheating furnaces, various heat treatment furnaces, boilers, vertical kilns, and the preheating zones of rotary kilns.

2. High-alumina castables have an operating temperature range of 1400–1550°C; they are suitable for linings and burner blocks in various heat treatment furnaces, as well as linings for electric furnace tapping spouts, the high-temperature sections of vertical lime kilns, rotary kiln heads, and power plant boilers.

3. Corundum-based castables have an operating temperature range of 1500–1650°C and are primarily used for high-temperature components in various furnaces.

Applications include external linings for immersion tubes in vacuum steel degassing units, linings for monolithic injection lances (used in injection metallurgy and argon blowing), electric furnace roof linings, LF furnace covers, and high-temperature wear-resistant linings for catalytic cracking reactors in the petrochemical industry.

4. Low-cement castables are mainly used for thin linings and high-temperature refractory components featuring metal anchors; examples include external linings for water-cooled pipes in reheating furnaces, linings for monolithic injection lances, and linings for immersion tubes in RH and DH vacuum degassing units.

Even within the same category-such as clay-based, high-alumina, corundum-based, or low-cement castables-operating temperatures and specific applications can vary depending on factors like alumina content and density. It is recommended to select the appropriate refractory castable based on the specific requirements of your furnace or kiln.